Everything about J Zef Andrzej Za Uski totally explained
Józef Andrzej Załuski (
12 January 1702 –
9 January 1774) was a
Polish Catholic priest,
Bishop of Kiev, sponsor of science and culture, and known
bibliophile. A member of Polish nobility (
szlachta) of
Junosza coat of arms, he's perhaps most famous as as the founder of the
Załuski Library, one of the largest 18th-century collections of books in the world
(External Link
).
Together with his brother
Andrzej Stanisław Załuski he was raised by his uncles (
Andrzej Chryzostom Załuski,
bishop of Warmia, and
Ludwik Załuski,
bishop of Płock). Józef was educated in the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (
Warsaw,
Gdańsk,
Kraków) as well as abroad (
Sorbonne in
Paris). He took
Holy Orders in 1727. In his career he was a Great Crown Referendary (
referendarz wielki koronny) from 1728 and
canon of Cracow. As a supporter of King
Stanisław Leszczyński he accompanied him to France in the 1730s, where he was a royal
chaplain on the
royal court of Leszczyński's wife, Queen
Katarzyna Opalińska. He controlled some of the Church's property in France; after his return to Poland he became the
abbot of
Wąchock. In 1759 he became the bishop of
Kiev and in 1762 he led the
synod of the
diocese.
He was active on the Polish political scene
(External Link), opposing King
Stanisław August Poniatowski, as well as the interference of the
Russian empire in Polish domestic matters. For that, in
1767 (at the
Repnin Sejm) he was arrested by Russian ambassador
Nicholas Repnin, and until
1773 he was imprisoned in
Kaluga,
Russia (External Link).
The greatest passion of Załuski's brothers were
books. Together with his brother
Andrzej Stanisław Załuski (1695–1758,
bishop of Kraków and
crown chancellor) he obtained the collections of such previous Polish bibliophiles as
Jakub Zadzik,
Krzysztof Opaliński,
Tomasz Ujejski,
Janusz Wiśniowiecki,
Jerzy Mniszech and
Jan III Sobieski. From 1730s they planned the creation of a
library and in 1747 the brothers founded the
Załuski's Library (
Biblioteka Załuskich), considered to be the first Polish
public library (External Link) and one of the largest libraries in the contemporary world
(External Link). In all of Europe there were only two or three libraries which could pride themselves on having such a book collection
(External Link). Located in
Daniłowiczowski Palace in
Warsaw (External Link), it was one of the world's finest libraries, with a collection of about 400,000 printed items and manuscripts.
It also accumulated a collection of art, scientific instruments, and plant and animal specimens. After their death, the newly formed
National Education Commission took charge of the library, renaming it the Załuski Brothers Library of the Republic. Twenty years later in 1794, in the aftermath of the
second Partition of Poland and
Kościuszko Uprising, Russian troops, on orders from Russian Czarina
Catherine II, plundered the library
(External Link) (External Link) and took its collection to
Saint Petersburg, where the
Imperial Public Library was formed a year later
(External Link).
He was an important member of the
Enlightenment in Poland, one of the founder of the
Polish Literary Society (
Towarzystwo Literatów) in 1765. He convinced
Stanisław Konarski to start his work on
Volumina legum. He was co-publisher of Warschauer Bibilothek (1753–1758). He supported the writer
Benedykt Chmielowski (External Link), historian
Gottfried Lengnich, and sponsored the publication of many foreign books and magazines. He was also a translator himself (he translated French
dramas). He was also the author of works from the fields of
theology,
history and
library science (
Bibliotheca poetarum Polonorum (1752, 1754),
Bibliotheca Polona magnauniversalis (manuscript destroyed in 1944)).
After his death, the
bishopric of
Kiev was taken by
Ignacy Franciszek Ossoliński (External Link).
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